Mikhail Gorbachev and the collapse of Communism

Mikhail Gorbachev using his youth and his political know how to get far with his elections. He paved the way for the end of communism by making programs. Programs that made communism in Russia worst so it made the citizens more stressed.That made the people of Russia want freedom from the Communism.


Glasnost - A soviet policy of openness to the free flow of ideas and information.

Perestroika - a restructuring of the Soviet economy to permit more local decision making.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid was a form of segregation in Africa, any sort of colored people in Africa was not given full rights of citizenship with the none colored people (white people). The white people had basically all control over Africa. Nelson Mandela was the leading reformer in Africa he wanted Africans to be created equal to the white people. He was a hero for Africa because he was the person that helped Africa obtain their freedom from the Europeans. Mandela lead rails and walks to prove points to the white people. He even went to America to gain information on reforms, and that where me meet Martian Luther King Jr. . Mandela admired because of his civil rights movements and hes fight for equal rights, and the rights of his country. (Africa)

Collapse of Communism

Communism collapse effected Eastern Europe and the USSR because, of many reasons.

1. Citizen Revolting against absurd procedures. such as obtaining visa`s to the other side Germany(Eastern Germany).
2. Capitalist went to Russia causing the split of some of the soviet unions colonies.
3. The fall of The Berlin Wall.

Went The Berlin Wall fell the USSR was effected because, they did n`t have there communist hold on the eastern side on Germany.The Berlin Wall falling caused the end of Communism in east Germany So that meant the USSR had no hold on that country anymore.

The people teared down the Berlin Wall because they were tired of have to get visa`s to go to the other side of their country. Soon the people trying to get through cut holes in the wall to get through. After awhile the pedestrians of Germany (all) went to the wall armed with sledgehammers and attacked the huge wall.

Berlin Wall was made on - August 1961
Berlin Wall was teared down on - November 9, 1989

African Independence

Africa was under British rule for a long time because the British were imperialist. They used Africas land to mine gold and other raw metals because, Africa was and still is rich with those things. For years the British transfered there government to the African people. The African easily utilized for there freedom after Sahara became indepent. They were the first colony in Africa to become indepent.The independence was led Kwame Nkrumah, he was a former teacher that spent several year studying the the United States.He lead alot of boycotts and strikes in Africa, he in other words was a african Ghandi . An along with his teaching came followers that lead rebellion. People such as Jomo Kenyatta and Mau Mau. This lead to the withdrawal of British imperialist in Africa and the rise of a self governed country.(Africa)

The Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis was concidered the hottest point in the Cold War. The Soviet Union took the rivalry with The United States to closer ground,in Cuba. During this time Cuba had been over took by a dictator named Fidel Castro. The Soviets used Fidels hate for the United States to their advantage,and was soon stationing military bases in Cabu. These bases had necular bombs that were delivered by the soviets for war. The soviets were gearing up for a war against The United States. During this event in time the president at the time was John F. Kennedy. He was worried how this incoming necular war would effect the people of his country. Kennedy immediately organized the EX-COMM, a group of his twelve most important advisors to handle the crisis.

After seven days of guarded and intense debate within the upper echelons of government, Kennedy concluded to impose a naval barrier around Cuba. This was to provent anymore necular shipment from going to Cuba. proposed removing Soviet missiles and personnel if the U.S. would guarantee not to invade Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 was shot down over Cuba and EX-COMM received a second letter from Khrushchev demanding the removal of U.S. missiles in Turkey in exchange for Soviet missiles in Cuba.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

NATO stand for "North American Treaty Organization" . It was a alliance between The United States, Canada, and 14 other Western countries . Later in total fourteen european countries jioned the NATO alliance. This was to decrease tention within the Soviet Union.This alliance was formed by The United States of America, because the U. S. had a rivalry with the Soviet Union ( Russia).The NATO mainly to discourage the Soviet Union`s communism.

The Warsaw Pact was established by the Soviet Union. This was the Soviet Union alliance towards the United States formed NATO. This allied The Soviet Union with six euopean nation and including the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

***NOTES***

communism - economic system in which all means of productionland,mines,factories,railroads are owned by the people,private property does not exist .

The United States made the NATO after the Soviet Union made the Warsaw Pact in 1945.

The NATO was made in 1949 in order to discourage The Soviet Union.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

In the movie title "The Right Stuff" the U.S. was in a competion with Russian ,Soviet Union. The Russians had the technology to send people in space. In the movie, the Russians sent a satellite into space. The United States felt intimadated by the Russians technology and started competing. The two world powers also were about to start a war many times. The two countries were scared of eachothers because they both had neuclar bombs.
The scence that would help me remember certain things about Cold War is the scence with, the test piolets in training to become spacemen. This will help me because that shows me that the U.S. was at a struggle to be on top of the other countries with technology.

Film Lesson: "Night and Fog"

The "Night and Fog" is a very sad movie. It shows the Holocaust in depth. Such as scene with the piles of bodies from the giant human sized ovens and the gas chambers. Yes, I did fine this film very powerful, because of the horrible truth. This movie shows more detail than "Schindlers`s List". I think that the documentary explained the Holocaust more in depth than the Hollywood movie . It explained the Holocaust in depth with burnt bodies , and including the regular bodies from the gas chambers. The amount of disrespect the Jews got from the German people was unforgivable.

Film Lesson: "Schindler's List"

Schindler`s List was a very depressing movie. I think so because the tust about this massacare is horrific. This movie shows the holocaust in its true colors,and it shows how jews themselves disrespected themselves by working for the germans in concentration camps. There were to types of working jobs for the jews in the concentration camps. An the work there was determined by there profession. The jewelers work for the nazi`s as people to check the stuff optioned from the enprisoned jews. The jews were brutally burned in the germans giant ovens. An image that will alway stay with me is the only good image in the movie,the image near the end of the movie.
The scene that will stay with me is the part with ocar schindler was addressind his workers that the war was over an that he would soon have to flee the country to escape the persecution and possible death sentence. That scene will be remember by me because I was glad that schindler in such a bad situation was able to save a big amount of males and female for being murded. That shows you how a person can be kind hearted even though he is on the side with the bad guys.

The Treaty Of Versailles

The Treaty Of Versailles effected the Germans the most. They where said to be the main cause of World War One. They caused the most deaths during World War One.Germany hand to pay over one billion dollars, as well as losing ten percent of their land.Germany was broken after that making Poland,Yugoslavia,Czechoslovakia,Latvia,Estonia,Lithuania.At the end of this major geographical change Austria Hungary was a much smaller country.
Historians said that the Treaty Of Versailles caused the rise of Adolph Hitler.I am not sure on my opinion on that theory because I have two opinions.

1)The Germans would have been angery at the surrounding countries for being blamed seperatly for World War One.


2)The Germans could have just want to so that they are still a strong country an let loss on Israel.

Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

During the twentieth century Mustafa Kemal over took turkey. He shaped modern turkeys political, social and economic systems. Turkey was the center of the ottoman empire. After the end of World War One , Turkey became independence. Mustafa based his reforms on secular ideas. This was because the Turks where very religious people.

**Secular - of or pertaining to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal.

He made many changes to turkey changes such as, like making turkey less religious, less Islamic an more European, no religious clothing. In fact he band religious clothing from turkey. He made Turks wear suit an ties.

Film Lesson Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi was a great asset to India's independence . He was a non-violent civil rights activist. who believed in civil disobedience. Some things he did to gain independence from the British where acts of non-violence but, it still affected the Great Britain's impact on India. He helped his nation by public events such as "The Salt March" . The non-violence an resist to the British rule made the British feel like the power was being taken from them. But, Gandhi`s good non-violence was the cause of the Amritsar Massacre .The British band club meetings and the Indians did not know. A British general named Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to fire without warning into the crowd. When India got it`s independence from the British I did not only give Gandhi the credit .It was also the Indians cooperation with Gandhi an not resulting to violence at any cost.About the time of the Independence of India Britian was in World War One.The Britsh couldn`t leave there troops in India because they where needed.The British them gave the Indians their indepedence.

Film Lesson Gandhi